In this lab you will bootstrap the Kubernetes control plane across three compute instances and configure it for high availability. You will also create an external load balancer that exposes the Kubernetes API Servers to remote clients. The following components will be installed on each node: Kubernetes API Server, Scheduler, and Controller Manager.
The commands in this lab must be run on each controller instance: controller-0, controller-1, and controller-2. Login to each controller instance using the gcloud command. Example:
gcloud compute ssh controller-0
Download the official Kubernetes release binaries:
wget -q --show-progress --https-only --timestamping \
"https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.8.0/bin/linux/amd64/kube-apiserver" \
"https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.8.0/bin/linux/amd64/kube-controller-manager" \
"https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.8.0/bin/linux/amd64/kube-scheduler" \
"https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.8.0/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
Install the Kubernetes binaries:
chmod +x kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl
sudo mv kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl /usr/local/bin/
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/kubernetes/
sudo mv ca.pem ca-key.pem kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem encryption-config.yaml /var/lib/kubernetes/
The instance internal IP address will be used advertise the API Server to members of the cluster. Retrieve the internal IP address for the current compute instance:
INTERNAL_IP=$(curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" \
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/0/ip)
Create the kube-apiserver.service systemd unit file:
cat > kube-apiserver.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \\
--admission-control=Initializers,NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \\
--advertise-address=${INTERNAL_IP} \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--apiserver-count=3 \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/var/log/audit.log \\
--authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \\
--bind-address=0.0.0.0 \\
--client-ca-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
--enable-swagger-ui=true \\
--etcd-cafile=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--etcd-servers=https://10.240.0.10:2379,https://10.240.0.11:2379,https://10.240.0.12:2379 \\
--event-ttl=1h \\
--experimental-encryption-provider-config=/var/lib/kubernetes/encryption-config.yaml \\
--insecure-bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--kubelet-certificate-authority=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--kubelet-https=true \\
--runtime-config=api/all \\
--service-account-key-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca-key.pem \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.32.0.0/24 \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--tls-ca-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
Create the kube-controller-manager.service systemd unit file:
cat > kube-controller-manager.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager \\
--address=0.0.0.0 \\
--cluster-cidr=10.200.0.0/16 \\
--cluster-name=kubernetes \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca-key.pem \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--master=http://127.0.0.1:8080 \\
--root-ca-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca-key.pem \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.32.0.0/24 \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
Create the kube-scheduler.service systemd unit file:
cat > kube-scheduler.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--master=http://127.0.0.1:8080 \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
sudo mv kube-apiserver.service kube-scheduler.service kube-controller-manager.service /etc/systemd/system/
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler
sudo systemctl start kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler
Allow up to 10 seconds for the Kubernetes API Server to fully initialize.
kubectl get componentstatuses
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
controller-manager Healthy ok
scheduler Healthy ok
etcd-2 Healthy {"health": "true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health": "true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health": "true"}
Remember to run the above commands on each controller node:
controller-0,controller-1, andcontroller-2.
In this section you will configure RBAC permissions to allow the Kubernetes API Server to access the Kubelet API on each worker node. Access to the Kubelet API is required for retrieving metrics, logs, and executing commands in pods.
This tutorial sets the Kubelet
--authorization-modeflag toWebhook. Webhook mode uses the SubjectAccessReview API to determine authorization.
gcloud compute ssh controller-0
Create the system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet ClusterRole with permissions to access the Kubelet API and perform most common tasks associated with managing pods:
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/proxy
- nodes/stats
- nodes/log
- nodes/spec
- nodes/metrics
verbs:
- "*"
EOF
The Kubernetes API Server authenticates to the Kubelet as the kubernetes user using the client certificate as defined by the --kubelet-client-certificate flag.
Bind the system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet ClusterRole to the kubernetes user:
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: system:kube-apiserver
namespace: ""
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: User
name: kubernetes
EOF
In this section you will provision an external load balancer to front the Kubernetes API Servers. The kubernetes-the-hard-way static IP address will be attached to the resulting load balancer.
The compute instances created in this tutorial will not have permission to complete this section. Run the following commands from the same machine used to create the compute instances.
Create the external load balancer network resources:
gcloud compute target-pools create kubernetes-target-pool
gcloud compute target-pools add-instances kubernetes-target-pool \
--instances controller-0,controller-1,controller-2
KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS=$(gcloud compute addresses describe kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--region $(gcloud config get-value compute/region) \
--format 'value(name)')
gcloud compute forwarding-rules create kubernetes-forwarding-rule \
--address ${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS} \
--ports 6443 \
--region $(gcloud config get-value compute/region) \
--target-pool kubernetes-target-pool
Retrieve the kubernetes-the-hard-way static IP address:
KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS=$(gcloud compute addresses describe kubernetes-the-hard-way \
--region $(gcloud config get-value compute/region) \
--format 'value(address)')
Make a HTTP request for the Kubernetes version info:
curl --cacert ca.pem https://${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS}:6443/version
output
{
"major": "1",
"minor": "8",
"gitVersion": "v1.8.0",
"gitCommit": "6e937839ac04a38cac63e6a7a306c5d035fe7b0a",
"gitTreeState": "clean",
"buildDate": "2017-09-28T22:46:41Z",
"goVersion": "go1.8.3",
"compiler": "gc",
"platform": "linux/amd64"
}